IMPORTANT POINTS FOR OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Accounting Software is application software used to
record accounting transactions.
A Computerized Accounting System is an Accounting
Information System that processes the financial transactions as per GAAP
(Generally Accepted Accounting Principles)
Computerized Accounting Systems are based on the concept of database.
It stores the transaction data in well-organized database.
Database is implemented using database management systems
(DBMS).
Automated accounting system is an approach to
maintain up-to-date accounting records with the aid of Accounting Software.
Accounting software functions as an Accounting
Information System.
Working of Accounting Software -- Input (Data) Masters à
Processing Entries à
Output Reports
Different types of Output Reports – Profit & Loss
A/c, Balance Sheet, Day Book, Trial Balance, GST summary
Accounting Software Process :
- Creation of Company/Organization
- Creation of Ledger giving appropriate groups
- Selection of correct voucher
- GST Calculation
- Posting of transaction into the Accounting/inventory Voucher
- Reports such as Balance Sheet, Income & Expenditure, Cash/Bank Flow statement etc. generated automatically.
- Printing of Reports
Process of Computerised Accounting starts with creation
of company or organization.
Creation of Company/Organization
Fields to be filled in Company Creation screen – Company
Name, Address, Email, Mobile, Fax No., Tel No., Financial Year Begins from
date, Books Beginning Date.
Ledgers
Financial entries are made using Ledgers or Account
heads.
Ledger accounts are created to identify transactions.
In Computerised Accounting every Ledger account
should be given proper group.
Groups used to classify and identify account heads
according to their nature which helps in presenting summarized information.
Accounting group is a collection of Ledger accounts
of same nature.
List of Groups
Capital Account
Reserves and Surplus
Current Assets
Bank Accounts, Cash-in-hand,
Deposits, Loan Advances, Stock-in-hand, Investments
Sundry Debtors – Any party to whom goods sales made
Current Liabilities
Bills payable, Bills drawn,
Duties and taxes --- CGST, SGST, IGST, CESS, Excise Duty,
TDS payables, Income Tax
Provisions – Provisions for tax, expense, sinking fund, and
all types of payables
Sundry Creditors – Any party from whom goods purchased or
from whom any bill of expense received.
Fixed Assets – Land & Building, Furniture, Machine, Plant and
Machinery, Mobile, Computers, etc..
Loans (Liability) – Secured loans, unsecured loans,
Bank OD Accounts
Direct Income – Any income from main services like
freight, delivery, transportation, consultancy charges, etc..
Indirect Income – Discount received, Interest on
Investment
Indirect Expenses – Salary, Advertisement,
Maintenance, Rent, Printing & Stationery, Penalty, Bank Charges, Insurance,
, etc..
Direct Expenses – Labour, Power, Wages, Warehousing
expenses, Electricity Expenses, Freight and Carriage, Coal-gas & Water of Factory, Consumed
material
Sales Accounts
Purchase Accounts
Vouchers
A voucher is a pre-numbered accounting document used
for recording daily transactions.
Every voucher maintains its debit and credit record.
Selection of Vouchers depends upon nature of transaction.
List of pre-defined Accounting vouchers :
Receipt – Amounts received by way of cash
Payment – Payments made by cash.
Sales – Cash and Credit sale of goods and services.
Purchase – Cash and credit purchase of raw materials,
semi-finished goods and finished goods and services.
Contra – Deposits or withdrawals of cash from bank or
transfer of funds from one bank to another bank or to transfer of cash to Petty
Cash.
Journal – Rectifying entries or transfer or
adjustment entries purchase of fixed assets on credit.
Sales Return / Credit Note – Return of goods by a
customer. It is issued when there is reduction in the price charged to a
customer.
Purchase Return / Debit Note – Return of goods to a
supplier. It is issued when there is reduction in the price given by a
supplier.
Posting of transaction into Voucher
Posting a transaction through voucher is called voucher
entry.
While recording a transaction, the ledger accounts to
be debited and credited along with amount and narration is
required.
Displaying Various Reports
In Computerized Accounting various financial and inventory
reports can be generated aster finishing the recording.
Trial Balance – provides you a report with debit and
credit balance of all Ledger Accounts
Profit and Loss Account – This report gives the final
working result of the business with Net profit/Net Loss.
Balance Sheet – It is a statement showing Assets and
Liabilities of the business concern.
Day Book – Contains all vouchers for the day
including inventory vouchers. It is used to show you a day’s transactions.
GST Reports – It shows the summary of the GST
received and paid by you.
Various Tally Accounting Softwares :
Tally ERP 9 with GST
GNU Khata
LedgerSMB
GNUCash
Akaunting
To create Company --
Company Info à
Create Company
To change Features --
Go to Featuresà
Company Features à
Accounting/Inventory Features
To create Ledger --
Masters à
Account Info à
Ledgers à
Single Ledger à
Create
To view the list of created ledger -- Accounts Info à
Ledger à
Single Ledger à
Display
To view the list of voucher types -- Masters à
Accounts Info à
Voucher Types à
Display
To enter transactions through vouchers -- Transactions à
Accounting Vouchers
To view various Reports :
To view Trial Balance -- Display à
Trial Balance à
Detailed Trial Balance
To view Profit and Loss A/c -- Reports à
Profit & Loss A/c
To view Balance Sheet à
Reports à
Balance Sheet à Detailed
To view Day Book --
Display à
Day Book à Detailed
GST
GST stands for Goods and Service Tax. GST is an Indirect
Tax which has replaced many Indirect taxes in India. The Act came into
effect on 1st July 2017. France was the first country
to implement GST in 1954.
GST is one nation, one tax.
Goods – Means every kind of movable property other
than money and securities.
Services – These are the activities provided by other
people, who include doctors, lawn care workers, dentists, barbers, waiters,
online servers, consultants, chartered accountants.
Tax – A compulsory contribution to state revenue,
levied by the government.
There are three types of GST : CGST, SGST, IGST
GSTIN
Goods and Services Tax Identification Number is the
registration number allotted to every registered dealer under GST Act.
The GSTIN is a 15 digit PAN based registration
number.
Structure of GSTIN
State Code – first two digits, Permanent Account
Number, Entity number, Z, Check sum digit
27 is the code for Maharashtra GSTIN.
Codes for classifying goods and services under GST
used are HSN code for goods and SAC code for services
HSN Code
HSN stands for Harmonized System of Nomenclature is
an internationally accepted coding system developed by World Customs
Organisation (WCO). It is used for classifying goods all over the
world in a systematic and logical manner.
SAC
SAC stands for Services Accounting Code, which is
issued by CBEC (Central Board of Excise and Customs) to uniformly classify
each service under GST.
Taxes under GST
Intra-State (within the state) -- CGST
(Central GST) collected by Central govt. and SGST (State GST)
collected by State govt.
Inter-State (with other state) -- Integrated
GST (IGST) collected by Central Govt.
GST Rates
The govt. has proposed a 4-tier tax structure for all
goods and services under the slabs – 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%.
0% tax imposed on items such as milk, sugar, salt,
eggs, bread, butter milk, curd, natural honey, fresh fruits and vegetables,
jute, fresh meat, fish, chicken, stamps, judicial papers, printed books,
newspapers, bangles, handloom, etc.
Input Tax and Output Tax
GST on Inward supply of goods and services is known
as Input Tax.
GST on Outward supply of goods and services is known
as Output Tax.
Ledgers pertaining to GST for supply of goods
Sales Ledger, Purchases Ledger, Party Ledger, CGST Ledger,
SGST Ledger, IGST Ledger
Ledgers pertaining to GST for supply of services
Sales of Service Ledger or Income Ledger, Purchase of
Service Ledger or Expense Ledger, Party Ledger, CGST Ledger, SGST Ledger, IGST
Ledger
Important Points for calculation GST and entries in accounting
software
Company will be in accounts with inventory mode for
GST calculation of goods
Company will be in Account only mode for GST
calculation of services.
Creation of stock item with GST rates and units of
measure with UQC is a must for GST accounting.
Service Ledgers must be created with the GST rates
separately for local and interstate supply.
CGST, SGST and IGST Ledgers will be created under sub
group Duties and Taxes and main group Current Liabilities.
Voucher entry for supply of goods should be in item
invoice mode and for supply for services should be in accounting mode.
To display GST Reports
Display à
Statutory Reports à
GST à
GSTR2
Yes
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